On


ART. 118.

ELEMENTS:
1. Offender performs unlawful or unauthorized acts;
2. Such acts provoke or give occasion for a war involving or liable
   to involve the Philippines or expose Filipino citizens to
   reprisals on their persons or property;

NOTES:

Crime committed in time of  peace.

Intent of the offender is immaterial.

In inciting to war, the offender is any person. If the offender is a
public officer, the penalty is higher.

Reprisals are not limited to military action, it could be economic
reprisals, or denial of entry into their country.

Example: X burns Chinese flag. If China bans the entry of Filipinos
into China, that is reprisal.