Comparative Police System Reviewer
On criminology
 |
| Comparative Police System |
Comparative Police System Reviewer (Definition of Terms and Terminologies)
1998 - Asean Chiefs of Police (Aseanapol) was estabished.
Members Aseanapol
1. Indonesia
2. Malaysia
3. Philippines
4. Singapore
5. Thailand
6. Brunei Darussalam
7. Vietnam
8. Laos PDR
9. Myanmar
10.Cambodia
Abu Sayyaf - Abu means father and sayyaf means swordsmith, is a
militant Islamist group based in and around Jolo and Basilan,
Philippines.
Al Qaeda - literally means the base, a global militant Islamist
organization founded by Osama bin Laden, Abdullah Azzam, and
several other militants.
Apostasy - is defined as the conscious abandonment of Islam by a
Muslim in word or through deed. It includes the act of converting to
another religion by a person who was born in a Muslim family or who
had previously accepted Islam.
Arvan Tavnii Tsagdaa - The National Police Agency of Mongolia.
Created in 1965 and with its headquarters in the capital Ulaanbaatar.
Asean Police - Comparison
1. Afghanistan - Name of Police Agency - ANP (Afghanistan National Police)
Under What Department - Ministry of the Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Police General
Lowest Ranking Officer - 2nd Patrolman
2. Armenia - Name of Police Agency - Police of the Republic of Armenia
Under What Department - Ministry of Defense
Highest Ranking Officer - Police Colonel General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Junior Sergeant
3. Azerbaijan - Name of Police Agency - National Police of the Republic of
Azerbaijan
Under What Department - Ministry of the Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
4. Bahrain - Name of Police Agency - Bahrain National Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
5. Bangladesh - Name of Police Agency - Bangladesh Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Home Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Inspector General of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
6. Bhutan - Name of Police Agency - Royal Bhutan Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Gagpeon (Chief of Police)
Lowest Ranking Officer - Gagpa
7. Brunei - Name of Police Agency - Royal Brunei Police Force
Under What Department - Home Affairs Ministry
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
8. Myanmar - Name of Police Agency - Myanmar Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Home Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Police Major General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Private
9. Cambodia - Name of Police Agency - Cambodian Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Brigadier General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Officer Cadet
10.Peoples Republic of China - Name of Police Agency - Peoples Armed
Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Public Security
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable 2nd Class
11.Cyprus - Name of Police Agency - Cyprus Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Justice
Highest Ranking Officer - Chief of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
12.East Timor - Name of Police Agency - National Police of East Timor
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
13.Georgia - Name of Police Agency - Georgian National Police
Under What Department - Department of Public Safety
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
14.Hongkong - Name of Police Agency - Hongkong Police Force
Under What Department - Operations and Support
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
15.India - Name of Police Agency - Indian Police Service
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner
Lowest Ranking Officer -
16.Indonesia - Name of Police Agency - Indonesian National Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Police General
Lowest Ranking Officer - 2nd Bhayangkar
17.Iran - Name of Police Agency - Iranian National Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior and Justice
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
18.Iraq - Name of Police Agency - Iraqi Police Service
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Chief of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Patrolman
19.Israel - Name of Police Agency - Israeli Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Security
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
20.Japan - Name of Police Agency - National Police Agency
Under What Department - National Public Safety Commission
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Officer
21.Jordan - Name of Police Agency - Public security Force
Under What Department - Public Security Directorate of
the Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
22.Kazakhstan - Name of Police Agency - National Police of Kazakhstan
Under What Department - National Security Committee of
Ministry of internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Procurator General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Ryadovoy
23.North Korea - Name of Police Agency - National Police Agency
Under What Department - Ministry of Public Security
Highest Ranking Officer - Daewon (Grand Marshall)
Lowest Ranking Officer - Chonsa (Private)
24.South Korea - Name of Police Agency - Korea National Police Agency (KNPA)
Under What Department - Ministry of Government Administration
and Home Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Officer
25.Kuwait - Name of Police Agency - Kuwait National Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Lieutenant General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
26.Kyrgyzstan - Name of Police Agency - Kyrgyzstan Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Officer
27.Laos - Name of Police Agency - Laos National Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Public Security
Highest Ranking Officer - General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
28.Lebanon - Name of Police Agency - International Security Forces
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Director General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Gendarme
29.Macau - Name of Police Agency - Macau National Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Superintendent
Lowest Ranking Officer - Guard
30.Malaysia - Name of Police Agency - Royal Malaysian Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Home Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Inspector General of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
31.Maldives - Name of Police Agency - Maldives Police
Under What Department - National Security and Defense Branch
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Lance Constable
32.Mongolia - Name of Police Agency - Mongolia Public Security Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Private
33.Nepal - Name of Police Agency - Nepal Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Home Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Inspector General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
34.Oman - Name of Police Agency - Royal Oman Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Lieutenant General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Conscript
35.Pakistan - Name of Police Agency - Pakistan Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Inspector General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
36.Papua New Guinea - Name of Police Agency - Royal Papua New Guinea
Constabulary
Under What Department -
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Kiap (Patrol Officer)
37.Philippines - Name of Police Agency - Philippine National Police
Under What Department - Department of Interior and
Local Government
Highest Ranking Officer - Director General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Officer 1
38.Qatar - Name of Police Agency - Qatar National Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer - Shurti
39.Russia - Name of Police Agency - Militsiya
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Police Colonel
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Cadet
40.Saudi Arabia - Name of Police Agency - Departmemnt of Security
Under What Department -
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
41.Singapore - Name of Police Agency - Singapore Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Constable
42.Sri Lanka - Name of Police Agency - Sri Lanka Police Service
Under What Department - Defense Ministry
Highest Ranking Officer - Inspector General of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Constable Class 4
43.Syria - Name of Police Agency - Syria Public Security Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Director General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Private
44.Taiwan - Name of Police Agency - National Police Agency
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Police Supervisor General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Rank 4
45.Thailand - Name of Police Agency - Royal Thai Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Police General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
46.Turkey - Name of Police Agency - Turkish Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Director General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Officer\
47.Turkmenistan - Name of Police Agency - Turkmenistan National Police
Force
Under What Department - Ministry of State Security
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
48.UAE Dubai - Name of Police Agency - National Police Forces
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - General Commander
Lowest Ranking Officer -
49.Uzbekistan - Name of Police Agency - Uzbekistan Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Director General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
50.Vietnam - Name of Police Agency - Peoples Police of Vietnam
Under What Department - Ministry of Public Security
Highest Ranking Officer - General
Lowest Ranking Officer -
51.Yemen - Name of Police Agency - Yemen National Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
Basic Functions of Criminal Justice System
1. Policing
2. Adjudication
3. Correction
Centralized Police - A country with only one recognized police force
which operates entire that country. It uses a centralized system of
policing. Philippines is an example of centralized police because
the Philippine National Police has one central office with many
regional, provincial and local branches throughout the country.
Decentralized police - refers to a system where police
administrations and operations are independent from one state
to another. It is more applicable to countries with federal
government.
Comparative Criminology - Theories (Scheider)
Alertness to crime theory - is that as a nation develops,
people’s alertness to crime is heightened, so they report more
crime to police and also demand the police become moreeffective
at solving crime problems.
Chowkidar - in India, means one who inhabits a "chowki", police station
or guard house.
Economic or migration theory - is that crime everywhere is
the result of unrestrained migration and over population in
urban areas such as ghettos and slums.
Opportunity theory - is that along with higher standards of
living, victims become more careless of their belongings,
and opportunities for committing crime multiply.
Demographic theory - is based on the event of when a greater
number of children are being born, because as these baby booms
grow up, delinquent subcultures develop out of the adolescent
identity crisis. Deprivation theory holds that progress comes
along with rising expectations, and people at the bottom develop
unrealistic expectations while people at the top don’t see
themselves rising fast enough.
Modernization theory - sees the problem as society becoming too
complex.
Theory of anomie and synomie - (the latter being a term
referring to social cohesion on values), suggests that
progressive lifestyle and norms result in the disintegration
of older norms that once held people together (anomie).
Chusai-san - the rural police officer in Japan.
Comparative Criminal Justice - it is as subfield of the study of
criminal justice systems worldwide. It studies the similarities and
differences in structure, goals, punishment and emphasis on rights
as well as the history and political stature of different systems.
Comparative Police System - it is the science and art of investigating
and comparing the police system of nations. It covers the study of
police organizations, trainings and methods of policing of various nations.
Confucian thought - The belief that social order can be achieved
through moral and political reform because man is by nature good or
capable of goodness.
Countries With Less Or No Crime
1. Switzerland
2. Japan
3. Ireland
4. Egypt - Siwa Oasis
Cybercrimes - are generally defined as any type of illegal activity
that makes use of the Internet, a private or public network, or an
in-house computer system.
Cyberstalking - a technologically based attack on person because
of anger, revenge, or control.
Computer Fraud - altering data or gaining unlawful use of
computer or services.
Identity Theft - using another's personal information to commit
fraud or other crimes.
Computer Viruses - a program that copies itself and infects a
computer.
Denial of Service Attacks - making service unavailable to users.
Malware - malicious software that interferes with the functioning
of computers and sending data of user over the internet.
Information warfare - attacks on information and computer systems.
Different Police Global Organizations
1. ASEAN Chiefs of Police
2. Europol
3. IACP
4. Interpol
5. UN policing
Drug Trafficking - Drug trafficking is the commercial exchange of drugs
and drug paraphernalia. This include any equipment used to manufacture
illegal drugs or use them.
Elliniki Astynomia - is the national police service of Greece.
EUROPOL - It means European Police Office or Europol. Europol is the
European Union’s criminal intelligence agency. It became fully
operational on July 1,1999. Europol only acts on request at present.
EUROPOL's Mandate
1. llicit drug trafficking
2. Illicit immigration networks;
3. Terrorism; Forgery of money (counterfeiting of the euro)
and other means of payment;
4. Trafficking in human beings (including child pornography);
5. Illicit vehicle trafficking;
6. Money laundering
Gendarmerie Nationale - is the national rural police force of Algeria.
National Gendarmerie - is a branch of the French Armed Forces,
in charge of public safety, with police duties among the
civilian population.
Globalization - is a process of interaction and integration among
the people, companies,and government of different nations, as process
driven by international trade and investment and aided by information
technology.
Hezbollah - literally means "Party of God", is a Shi'a Islamist militant
group and political party based in Lebanon.
Hongkong Police Force - It is the world's second, and Asia's first,
police agency to operate with a modern policing system.
Human Trafficking - the illegal movement of people, typically for the
purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation.
IACP - (International Association of Chiefs of Police) the world’s
oldest and largest nonprofit membership organization of police
executives, with over 20,000 members in over 80 different countries.
IACP’s leadership consists of the operating chief executes of
international, federal, state and local agencies of all sizes.
Illegal Drug Trade - the term being used in the international scene,
it is a more comprehensive term than drug trafficking as it includes
cultivation and manufacture.
International Crime - Defined as crimes against the peace and security
of mankind.
International Crimes
1. Aggression (by one state against another)
2. Treat of aggression
3. Genocide (destroying a national, ethnic, racial, or
religious group)
4. Terrorism
5. Drug trafficking
International Criminal Justice - It involves the study and description
of one country’s law, criminal procedure, or justice. Comparative
criminal justice system attempts to build on the knowledge of criminal
justice in one country by investigating and evaluating, in terms of
another country,culture, or institution.
Interpol - (International Criminal Police Organization) It began in
1923,and at the same time its name was International Criminal
Police Commission. In 1956, its name became International Criminal
Police Organization. Slowly, the name of this international organization
became famous as Interpol. Now,Interpol is the second biggest
international organization; the United Nations is the first.
Jemaah Islamiyah - (Islamic Congregation) is a Southeast Asian militant
Islamist terrorist organization dedicated to the establishment of a
regional Islamic caliphate in Southeast Asia.
Jolly R. Bugarin - a Filipino former President of the Interpol, from
1980 to 1984. He is the only Filipino who had achieved that feat.
Koban - is a small neighborhood police station found in Japan. Often
translated to English as Police Box. Koban are staffed by a relatively
small number of police officers (usually 3-5 officers).
Chuzaisho - (residential police box) is usually staffed by a
single officer. The Chuzaisho is typically located outside of
urban districts in villages and is operated by one community
officer, who resides with his family in this police facility.
Hashutsusho - (police box) The Hashutsusho is typically placed
in an urban district and is operated by a number of community
police officers who work under a shift system. The community
officers generally live in the jurisdiction served by the
Hashutsusho.
Model System - is used to described the countries being used as
topics of discussion.These countries are chosen not because they are
greater than others but because they are thefocus of comparison
being studied.
Money Laundering - the concealment of the origins of illegally obtained
money, typically by means of transfers involving foreign banks or
legitimate businesses.
Mutawa - religious police in Saudi Arabia whose duty is to ensure
strict adherence to established codes of conduct.
National Public Safety Commission - is the policy making and oversight
body of the national police forces in Japan and South Korea.
Ngā Pirihimana o Aotearoa - it literally means "the policeman", is the
national police force of New Zealand. Policing in New Zealand started
in 1840.
Palermo Protocols - are three protocols that were adopted by the
United Nations to supplement the 2000 Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime. They are:
1. The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in
Persons, especially Women and Children; and
2. The Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land,
Sea and Air.
3. The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing and Trafficking
in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition
POLRI - (Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia) Indonesian National Police.
The Chief of Police of Indonesia is called Kapolri.
Police Box - is a British telephone kiosk or callbox located in a public
place for the use of members of the police, or for members of the public
to contact the police. Most are disused at present with the advent of
two way radio and mobile phones.
Polis Diraja - the Royal Malaysia police.
RA 8792 - Electronic Commerce Act of 2000.
RA 9208 - The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003.
RA 9165 - Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.
RA 9372 - Human Security Act of 2007.
RA 9995 - Anti-Photo and Voyeurism Act of 2009.
Schupo - (Schutzpolizei), the state level police of the German States.
Taliban - means "students", is an Islamic fundamentalist political
movement in Afghanistan.
Terrorism - the unofficial or unauthorized use of violence and
intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.
Transnational Crime - It is a term that has been used in comparative
and international criminal justice study in recent years to reflect
the complexity and enormity of global crime issues. It is defined
by the United Nations (UN) offences whose inception, proportion
and/or direct or indirect effects involve in more than one country.
Examples of Transnational Crimes
1. Money laundering
2. Drug trafficking
3. Terrorism
4. Human trafficking
5. Cyber crime
Transnational Organized Crime - involves the planning and execution
of illicit business ventures by groups or networks of individuals
working in more than one country. These criminal groups use systematic
violence and corruption to achieve their goal. Crimes commonly
include money laundering; human smuggling; cyber crime; and
trafficking of humans, drugs, weapons,endangered species, body parts,
or nuclear material.
Types of Court Systems of the World
1. Adversarial System - the accused is innocent until proven guilty.
2. Inquisitorial System - the accused is guilty until proven innocent.
Vetting - is the process of performing a background check on someone
to ensure that they are suitable for a job requiring secrecy, loyalty,
or trustworthiness.
Well Known Organized Crime Group
1. Russian Mafia - Around 200 Russian groups that operate in nearly
60 countries worldwide. They have been involved in racketeering,
fraud, tax evasion, gambling, drug trafficking, ransom, robbery
and murder.
2. La Cosa Nostra - Known as the Italian or Italian-American mafia.
The most prominent organized crime group in the world from the
1920’s to the 1990’s. They have been involved in violence, arson,
bombings, torture, sharking, gambling, drug trafficking, health
insurance fraud, and political and judicial corruption.
3. Yakuza - Japanese criminal group. Often involved in multinational
criminals activities,including human trafficking, gambling,
prostitution, and undermining licit businesses.
4. FukChing - Chinese organized group in the United States. They
have been involved in smuggling, street violence, and human
trafficking.
5. Triads - Underground criminal societies based in Hong Kong. They
control secret markets and bus routes and are often involved in
money laundering and drug trafficking.
6. Heijin - Taiwanese gangsters who are often executives in large
corporations. They are often involved in white collar crimes,
such as illegal stock trading and bribery, and sometimes run
for public office.
7. Jao Pho - Organized crime group in Thailand. They are often
involved in illegal political and business activity.
8. Red Wa - Gangsters from Thailand. They are involved in
manufacturing and trafficking methamphetamine.
Related: Comparative System Review Questions
1998 - Asean Chiefs of Police (Aseanapol) was estabished.
Members Aseanapol
1. Indonesia
2. Malaysia
3. Philippines
4. Singapore
5. Thailand
6. Brunei Darussalam
7. Vietnam
8. Laos PDR
9. Myanmar
10.Cambodia
Abu Sayyaf - Abu means father and sayyaf means swordsmith, is a
militant Islamist group based in and around Jolo and Basilan,
Philippines.
Al Qaeda - literally means the base, a global militant Islamist
organization founded by Osama bin Laden, Abdullah Azzam, and
several other militants.
Apostasy - is defined as the conscious abandonment of Islam by a
Muslim in word or through deed. It includes the act of converting to
another religion by a person who was born in a Muslim family or who
had previously accepted Islam.
Arvan Tavnii Tsagdaa - The National Police Agency of Mongolia.
Created in 1965 and with its headquarters in the capital Ulaanbaatar.
Asean Police - Comparison
1. Afghanistan - Name of Police Agency - ANP (Afghanistan National Police)
Under What Department - Ministry of the Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Police General
Lowest Ranking Officer - 2nd Patrolman
2. Armenia - Name of Police Agency - Police of the Republic of Armenia
Under What Department - Ministry of Defense
Highest Ranking Officer - Police Colonel General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Junior Sergeant
3. Azerbaijan - Name of Police Agency - National Police of the Republic of
Azerbaijan
Under What Department - Ministry of the Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
4. Bahrain - Name of Police Agency - Bahrain National Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
5. Bangladesh - Name of Police Agency - Bangladesh Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Home Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Inspector General of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
6. Bhutan - Name of Police Agency - Royal Bhutan Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Gagpeon (Chief of Police)
Lowest Ranking Officer - Gagpa
7. Brunei - Name of Police Agency - Royal Brunei Police Force
Under What Department - Home Affairs Ministry
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
8. Myanmar - Name of Police Agency - Myanmar Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Home Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Police Major General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Private
9. Cambodia - Name of Police Agency - Cambodian Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Brigadier General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Officer Cadet
10.Peoples Republic of China - Name of Police Agency - Peoples Armed
Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Public Security
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable 2nd Class
11.Cyprus - Name of Police Agency - Cyprus Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Justice
Highest Ranking Officer - Chief of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
12.East Timor - Name of Police Agency - National Police of East Timor
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
13.Georgia - Name of Police Agency - Georgian National Police
Under What Department - Department of Public Safety
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
14.Hongkong - Name of Police Agency - Hongkong Police Force
Under What Department - Operations and Support
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
15.India - Name of Police Agency - Indian Police Service
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner
Lowest Ranking Officer -
16.Indonesia - Name of Police Agency - Indonesian National Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Police General
Lowest Ranking Officer - 2nd Bhayangkar
17.Iran - Name of Police Agency - Iranian National Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior and Justice
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
18.Iraq - Name of Police Agency - Iraqi Police Service
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Chief of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Patrolman
19.Israel - Name of Police Agency - Israeli Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Security
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
20.Japan - Name of Police Agency - National Police Agency
Under What Department - National Public Safety Commission
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Officer
21.Jordan - Name of Police Agency - Public security Force
Under What Department - Public Security Directorate of
the Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
22.Kazakhstan - Name of Police Agency - National Police of Kazakhstan
Under What Department - National Security Committee of
Ministry of internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Procurator General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Ryadovoy
23.North Korea - Name of Police Agency - National Police Agency
Under What Department - Ministry of Public Security
Highest Ranking Officer - Daewon (Grand Marshall)
Lowest Ranking Officer - Chonsa (Private)
24.South Korea - Name of Police Agency - Korea National Police Agency (KNPA)
Under What Department - Ministry of Government Administration
and Home Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Officer
25.Kuwait - Name of Police Agency - Kuwait National Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Lieutenant General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
26.Kyrgyzstan - Name of Police Agency - Kyrgyzstan Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Officer
27.Laos - Name of Police Agency - Laos National Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Public Security
Highest Ranking Officer - General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
28.Lebanon - Name of Police Agency - International Security Forces
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Director General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Gendarme
29.Macau - Name of Police Agency - Macau National Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Superintendent
Lowest Ranking Officer - Guard
30.Malaysia - Name of Police Agency - Royal Malaysian Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Home Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Inspector General of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
31.Maldives - Name of Police Agency - Maldives Police
Under What Department - National Security and Defense Branch
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Lance Constable
32.Mongolia - Name of Police Agency - Mongolia Public Security Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Private
33.Nepal - Name of Police Agency - Nepal Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Home Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Inspector General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
34.Oman - Name of Police Agency - Royal Oman Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Lieutenant General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Conscript
35.Pakistan - Name of Police Agency - Pakistan Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Inspector General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
36.Papua New Guinea - Name of Police Agency - Royal Papua New Guinea
Constabulary
Under What Department -
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Kiap (Patrol Officer)
37.Philippines - Name of Police Agency - Philippine National Police
Under What Department - Department of Interior and
Local Government
Highest Ranking Officer - Director General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Officer 1
38.Qatar - Name of Police Agency - Qatar National Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer - Shurti
39.Russia - Name of Police Agency - Militsiya
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Police Colonel
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Cadet
40.Saudi Arabia - Name of Police Agency - Departmemnt of Security
Under What Department -
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
41.Singapore - Name of Police Agency - Singapore Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Constable
42.Sri Lanka - Name of Police Agency - Sri Lanka Police Service
Under What Department - Defense Ministry
Highest Ranking Officer - Inspector General of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Constable Class 4
43.Syria - Name of Police Agency - Syria Public Security Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Director General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Private
44.Taiwan - Name of Police Agency - National Police Agency
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Police Supervisor General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Rank 4
45.Thailand - Name of Police Agency - Royal Thai Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Police General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
46.Turkey - Name of Police Agency - Turkish Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Director General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Officer\
47.Turkmenistan - Name of Police Agency - Turkmenistan National Police
Force
Under What Department - Ministry of State Security
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
48.UAE Dubai - Name of Police Agency - National Police Forces
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - General Commander
Lowest Ranking Officer -
49.Uzbekistan - Name of Police Agency - Uzbekistan Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Director General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
50.Vietnam - Name of Police Agency - Peoples Police of Vietnam
Under What Department - Ministry of Public Security
Highest Ranking Officer - General
Lowest Ranking Officer -
51.Yemen - Name of Police Agency - Yemen National Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer -
Lowest Ranking Officer -
Basic Functions of Criminal Justice System
1. Policing
2. Adjudication
3. Correction
Centralized Police - A country with only one recognized police force
which operates entire that country. It uses a centralized system of
policing. Philippines is an example of centralized police because
the Philippine National Police has one central office with many
regional, provincial and local branches throughout the country.
Decentralized police - refers to a system where police
administrations and operations are independent from one state
to another. It is more applicable to countries with federal
government.
Comparative Criminology - Theories (Scheider)
Alertness to crime theory - is that as a nation develops,
people’s alertness to crime is heightened, so they report more
crime to police and also demand the police become moreeffective
at solving crime problems.
Chowkidar - in India, means one who inhabits a "chowki", police station
or guard house.
Economic or migration theory - is that crime everywhere is
the result of unrestrained migration and over population in
urban areas such as ghettos and slums.
Opportunity theory - is that along with higher standards of
living, victims become more careless of their belongings,
and opportunities for committing crime multiply.
Demographic theory - is based on the event of when a greater
number of children are being born, because as these baby booms
grow up, delinquent subcultures develop out of the adolescent
identity crisis. Deprivation theory holds that progress comes
along with rising expectations, and people at the bottom develop
unrealistic expectations while people at the top don’t see
themselves rising fast enough.
Modernization theory - sees the problem as society becoming too
complex.
Theory of anomie and synomie - (the latter being a term
referring to social cohesion on values), suggests that
progressive lifestyle and norms result in the disintegration
of older norms that once held people together (anomie).
Chusai-san - the rural police officer in Japan.
Comparative Criminal Justice - it is as subfield of the study of
criminal justice systems worldwide. It studies the similarities and
differences in structure, goals, punishment and emphasis on rights
as well as the history and political stature of different systems.
Comparative Police System - it is the science and art of investigating
and comparing the police system of nations. It covers the study of
police organizations, trainings and methods of policing of various nations.
Confucian thought - The belief that social order can be achieved
through moral and political reform because man is by nature good or
capable of goodness.
Countries With Less Or No Crime
1. Switzerland
2. Japan
3. Ireland
4. Egypt - Siwa Oasis
Cybercrimes - are generally defined as any type of illegal activity
that makes use of the Internet, a private or public network, or an
in-house computer system.
Cyberstalking - a technologically based attack on person because
of anger, revenge, or control.
Computer Fraud - altering data or gaining unlawful use of
computer or services.
Identity Theft - using another's personal information to commit
fraud or other crimes.
Computer Viruses - a program that copies itself and infects a
computer.
Denial of Service Attacks - making service unavailable to users.
Malware - malicious software that interferes with the functioning
of computers and sending data of user over the internet.
Information warfare - attacks on information and computer systems.
Different Police Global Organizations
1. ASEAN Chiefs of Police
2. Europol
3. IACP
4. Interpol
5. UN policing
Drug Trafficking - Drug trafficking is the commercial exchange of drugs
and drug paraphernalia. This include any equipment used to manufacture
illegal drugs or use them.
Elliniki Astynomia - is the national police service of Greece.
EUROPOL - It means European Police Office or Europol. Europol is the
European Union’s criminal intelligence agency. It became fully
operational on July 1,1999. Europol only acts on request at present.
EUROPOL's Mandate
1. llicit drug trafficking
2. Illicit immigration networks;
3. Terrorism; Forgery of money (counterfeiting of the euro)
and other means of payment;
4. Trafficking in human beings (including child pornography);
5. Illicit vehicle trafficking;
6. Money laundering
Gendarmerie Nationale - is the national rural police force of Algeria.
National Gendarmerie - is a branch of the French Armed Forces,
in charge of public safety, with police duties among the
civilian population.
Globalization - is a process of interaction and integration among
the people, companies,and government of different nations, as process
driven by international trade and investment and aided by information
technology.
Hezbollah - literally means "Party of God", is a Shi'a Islamist militant
group and political party based in Lebanon.
Hongkong Police Force - It is the world's second, and Asia's first,
police agency to operate with a modern policing system.
Human Trafficking - the illegal movement of people, typically for the
purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation.
IACP - (International Association of Chiefs of Police) the world’s
oldest and largest nonprofit membership organization of police
executives, with over 20,000 members in over 80 different countries.
IACP’s leadership consists of the operating chief executes of
international, federal, state and local agencies of all sizes.
Illegal Drug Trade - the term being used in the international scene,
it is a more comprehensive term than drug trafficking as it includes
cultivation and manufacture.
International Crime - Defined as crimes against the peace and security
of mankind.
International Crimes
1. Aggression (by one state against another)
2. Treat of aggression
3. Genocide (destroying a national, ethnic, racial, or
religious group)
4. Terrorism
5. Drug trafficking
International Criminal Justice - It involves the study and description
of one country’s law, criminal procedure, or justice. Comparative
criminal justice system attempts to build on the knowledge of criminal
justice in one country by investigating and evaluating, in terms of
another country,culture, or institution.
Interpol - (International Criminal Police Organization) It began in
1923,and at the same time its name was International Criminal
Police Commission. In 1956, its name became International Criminal
Police Organization. Slowly, the name of this international organization
became famous as Interpol. Now,Interpol is the second biggest
international organization; the United Nations is the first.
Jemaah Islamiyah - (Islamic Congregation) is a Southeast Asian militant
Islamist terrorist organization dedicated to the establishment of a
regional Islamic caliphate in Southeast Asia.
Jolly R. Bugarin - a Filipino former President of the Interpol, from
1980 to 1984. He is the only Filipino who had achieved that feat.
Koban - is a small neighborhood police station found in Japan. Often
translated to English as Police Box. Koban are staffed by a relatively
small number of police officers (usually 3-5 officers).
Chuzaisho - (residential police box) is usually staffed by a
single officer. The Chuzaisho is typically located outside of
urban districts in villages and is operated by one community
officer, who resides with his family in this police facility.
Hashutsusho - (police box) The Hashutsusho is typically placed
in an urban district and is operated by a number of community
police officers who work under a shift system. The community
officers generally live in the jurisdiction served by the
Hashutsusho.
Model System - is used to described the countries being used as
topics of discussion.These countries are chosen not because they are
greater than others but because they are thefocus of comparison
being studied.
Money Laundering - the concealment of the origins of illegally obtained
money, typically by means of transfers involving foreign banks or
legitimate businesses.
Mutawa - religious police in Saudi Arabia whose duty is to ensure
strict adherence to established codes of conduct.
National Public Safety Commission - is the policy making and oversight
body of the national police forces in Japan and South Korea.
Ngā Pirihimana o Aotearoa - it literally means "the policeman", is the
national police force of New Zealand. Policing in New Zealand started
in 1840.
Palermo Protocols - are three protocols that were adopted by the
United Nations to supplement the 2000 Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime. They are:
1. The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in
Persons, especially Women and Children; and
2. The Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land,
Sea and Air.
3. The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing and Trafficking
in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition
POLRI - (Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia) Indonesian National Police.
The Chief of Police of Indonesia is called Kapolri.
Police Box - is a British telephone kiosk or callbox located in a public
place for the use of members of the police, or for members of the public
to contact the police. Most are disused at present with the advent of
two way radio and mobile phones.
Polis Diraja - the Royal Malaysia police.
RA 8792 - Electronic Commerce Act of 2000.
RA 9208 - The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003.
RA 9165 - Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.
RA 9372 - Human Security Act of 2007.
RA 9995 - Anti-Photo and Voyeurism Act of 2009.
Schupo - (Schutzpolizei), the state level police of the German States.
Taliban - means "students", is an Islamic fundamentalist political
movement in Afghanistan.
Terrorism - the unofficial or unauthorized use of violence and
intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.
Transnational Crime - It is a term that has been used in comparative
and international criminal justice study in recent years to reflect
the complexity and enormity of global crime issues. It is defined
by the United Nations (UN) offences whose inception, proportion
and/or direct or indirect effects involve in more than one country.
Examples of Transnational Crimes
1. Money laundering
2. Drug trafficking
3. Terrorism
4. Human trafficking
5. Cyber crime
Transnational Organized Crime - involves the planning and execution
of illicit business ventures by groups or networks of individuals
working in more than one country. These criminal groups use systematic
violence and corruption to achieve their goal. Crimes commonly
include money laundering; human smuggling; cyber crime; and
trafficking of humans, drugs, weapons,endangered species, body parts,
or nuclear material.
Types of Court Systems of the World
1. Adversarial System - the accused is innocent until proven guilty.
2. Inquisitorial System - the accused is guilty until proven innocent.
Vetting - is the process of performing a background check on someone
to ensure that they are suitable for a job requiring secrecy, loyalty,
or trustworthiness.
Well Known Organized Crime Group
1. Russian Mafia - Around 200 Russian groups that operate in nearly
60 countries worldwide. They have been involved in racketeering,
fraud, tax evasion, gambling, drug trafficking, ransom, robbery
and murder.
2. La Cosa Nostra - Known as the Italian or Italian-American mafia.
The most prominent organized crime group in the world from the
1920’s to the 1990’s. They have been involved in violence, arson,
bombings, torture, sharking, gambling, drug trafficking, health
insurance fraud, and political and judicial corruption.
3. Yakuza - Japanese criminal group. Often involved in multinational
criminals activities,including human trafficking, gambling,
prostitution, and undermining licit businesses.
4. FukChing - Chinese organized group in the United States. They
have been involved in smuggling, street violence, and human
trafficking.
5. Triads - Underground criminal societies based in Hong Kong. They
control secret markets and bus routes and are often involved in
money laundering and drug trafficking.
6. Heijin - Taiwanese gangsters who are often executives in large
corporations. They are often involved in white collar crimes,
such as illegal stock trading and bribery, and sometimes run
for public office.
7. Jao Pho - Organized crime group in Thailand. They are often
involved in illegal political and business activity.
8. Red Wa - Gangsters from Thailand. They are involved in
manufacturing and trafficking methamphetamine.
Related: Comparative System Review Questions
Bigwas
Bigwas blog about Criminal law and Procedure, Criminology and Crimes, Philippine Banking and Finance, Insurance and Investment.