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banaag at sikat

Banaag at Sikat

Lope K. Santos

Manila

1959, reprint


Originally published in 1906, Lope K. Santos’ Banaag at Sikat is one of the most significant novels in Philippine literature, often considered the first socialist novel in the country. It was crucial in shaping early Philippine labor movements and socialist thought.


The novel follows Delfin, an idealistic intellectual who believes in peaceful socialist reforms, and his friend Felipe, a more radical laborer who advocates for a proletarian revolution. Their discussions revolve around the exploitation of workers, the abuses of the elite, and the possibility of a just society. The novel also explores their romantic relationships—Delfin with the wealthy but open-minded Meni, and Felipe with the impoverished Tentay.


Aside from its literary merit, Banaag at Sikat influenced early labor movements in the Philippines. It was a bold critique of capitalism and landed elites during the American colonial period, inspiring workers to organize and demand better conditions.


Source: museumxstOries (follow at Instagram)


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